Assessment tool addresses implementation challenges of ecosystem-based management principles in marine spatial planning processes
Borja, A. et al. Addressing the cumulative impacts of multiple human pressures in marine systems, for the sustainable use of the seas. Front. Ocean Sustain. 1. (2024).
Boussarie, G., Kopp, D., Lavialle, G., Mouchet, M. & Morfin, M. Marine spatial planning to solve increasing conflicts at sea: a framework for prioritizing offshore windfarms and marine protected areas. J. Environ. Manag. 339, 117857 (2023).
Google Scholar
Jouffray, J.-B., Blasiak, R., Norström, A. V., Österblom, H. & Nyström, M. The blue acceleration: the trajectory of human expansion into the ocean. One Earth 2, 43–54 (2020).
Google Scholar
UNWTO. World tourism barometer. U. N. World Tour. Organ. 22, 7 (2024).
IEA. Renewables 2023- Analysis and forecast to 2028. Renewable Energy Division in the Directorate of Energy Markets and Security, 143 pp. (2023).
OECD/FAO. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032 (OECD Publishing, Paris, 2023), 359 pp. https://doi.org/10.1787/08801ab7-en.
Childs, J. Geographies of deep sea mining: a critical review. Extract. Ind. Soc. 9, 101044 (2022).
Google Scholar
van der Grient, J. M. A. & Drazen, J. C. Potential spatial intersection between high-seas fisheries and deep-sea mining in international waters. Mar. Policy 129, 104564 (2021).
Google Scholar
Reed, J. R., Lombard, A. T. & Sink, K. J. A diversity of spatial management instruments can support integration of fisheries management and marine spatial planning. Mar. Policy 119, 104089 (2020).
Google Scholar
Noble, M. M., Harasti, D., Pittock, J. & Doran, B. Understanding the spatial diversity of social uses, dynamics, and conflicts in marine spatial planning. J. Environ. Manag. 246, 929–940 (2019).
Google Scholar
Mazaris, A. D. et al. Threats to marine biodiversity in European protected areas. Sci. Total Environ. 677, 418–426 (2019).
Google Scholar
IOC-UNESCO/EC. Updated Joint Roadmap to accelerate Marine/Maritime Spatial Planning processes worldwide MSProadmap (2022-2027). Paris, UNESCO, IOC Technical Series, 182 (2022).
Manea, E., Agardy, T. & Bongiorni, L. Link marine restoration to marine spatial planning through ecosystem‐based management to maximize ocean regeneration. Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 33, 1387–1399 (2023).
Google Scholar
CBD/COP/15/L.25. Kunming-Montreal Global biodiversity framework. Draft decision submitted by the President. Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Fifteenth meeting – Part II. Montreal, Canada, 7-19 December 2022. Agenda item 9A. (2022).
CBD/COP/DEC/14/8. Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity 14/8. Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures. (2018).
IUCN. Recognising and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 32 pp. (2019).
UNEP-WCMC. A Marine Spatial Planning Framework for Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. Technical document produced as part of the GEF ABNJ Deep Seas Project. Cambridge (UK): UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 45 pp. (2019).
Maxwell, S. L. et al. Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century. Nature 586, 217–227 (2020).
Google Scholar
Sala, E. et al. Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate. Nature 592, 397–402 (2021).
Google Scholar
COP 12 Decision XII/19. Ecosystem conservation and restoration. (2014).
UNGA. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 1 March 2019 73/284. United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030). (2019).
Regulation (EU) 2024/1991. Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2024 on nature restoration and amending Regulation (EU) 2022/869 (Text with EEA relevance). (2024).
Ehler, C. & Douvere, F. Marine Spatial Planning: a step-by-step approach toward ecosystem-based management. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Man and the Biosphere Programme. IOC Manual and Guides No. 53, ICAM Dossier No. 6. Paris: UNESCO. 99 pp. (2009).
Vince, J. & Day, J. C. Effective integration and integrative capacity in marine spatial planning. Marit. Stud. 19, 317–332 (2020).
Google Scholar
UNESCO-IOC/EC. MSPglobal International Guide on Marine/Maritime Spatial Planning. Paris, UNESCO. (IOC Manuals and Guides no 89). (2021).
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Ecosystem Approach, (CBD Guidelines) Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity 50 pp. (2004).
Kirkfeldt, T. S. An ocean of concepts: Why choosing between ecosystem-based management, ecosystem-based approach and ecosystem approach makes a difference. Mar. Policy 106, 103541 (2019).
Google Scholar
Long, R. D., Charles, A. & Stephenson, R. L. Key principles of marine ecosystem-based management. Mar. Policy 57, 53–60 (2015).
Google Scholar
Piet, G., Strosser, P. & Zamparutti, T. Guidelines for implementing an Ecosystem-based Approach in Maritime Spatial Planning-Including a method for the evaluation, monitoring and review of EBA in MSP. The European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA), 102 pp. (2021).
Kirkfeldt, T. S., van Tatenhove, J. P. M. & Calado, H. M. G. P. The way forward on ecosystem-based marine spatial planning in the EU. Coast. Manag. 50, 29–44 (2022).
Google Scholar
Dickey-Collas, M. et al. Exploring ecosystem-based management in the North Atlantic. J. Fish. Biol. 101, 342–350 (2022).
Google Scholar
Haugen, J. B. et al. Marine ecosystem-based management: challenges remain, yet solutions exist, and progress is occurring. npj Ocean Sustain. 3, 7 (2024).
Google Scholar
Cormier, R. et al. Moving from ecosystem-based policy objectives to operational implementation of ecosystem-based management measures. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 74, 406–413 (2016).
Google Scholar
Rudd, M. A. et al. Ocean ecosystem-based management mandates and implementation in the North Atlantic. Front. Mar. Sci. 5. (2018).
Link, J. S. et al. Clarifying mandates for marine ecosystem-based management. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 76, 41–44 (2018).
Google Scholar
Marshak, A. R. et al. International perceptions of an integrated, multi-sectoral, ecosystem approach to management. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 74, 414–420 (2016).
Google Scholar
Dunstan, P. et al. Chapter 27. Developments in management approaches. The Second World Ocean Assessment WORLD OCEAN ASSESSMENT II Volume II. UNESCO. (2021).
Gilliland, P. M. & Laffoley, D. Key elements and steps in the process of developing ecosystem-based marine spatial planning. Mar. Policy 32, 787–796 (2008).
Google Scholar
Altvater, S. & Passarello, C. Policy brief: implementing the ecosystem-based approach in maritime spatial planning. Version: 25.10.2018. (2018).
Quinio, L. et al. Exploring ecosystem-based approaches in MSP through actor-driven perceptual mapping. Mar. Policy 152, 105604 (2023).
Google Scholar
Domínguez-Tejo, E., Metternicht, G., Johnston, E. & Hedge, L. Marine spatial planning advancing the ecosystem-based approach to coastal zone management: a review. Mar. Policy 72, 115–130 (2016).
Google Scholar
Trouillet, B. Reinventing marine spatial planning: a critical review of initiatives worldwide. J. Environ. Policy Plan. 22, 441–459 (2020).
Google Scholar
Reimer, J. M. et al. The Marine Spatial Planning Index: a tool to guide and assess marine spatial planning. npj Ocean Sustain. 2. (2023).
Kirkfeldt, T. S. Marine Spatial Planning. Facilitating Sustainability in an Ocean of Ambiguity. Ph.d.-serien for Det Tekniske Fakultet for IT og Design, Aalborg Universitet. (2021).
Fraschetti, S. et al. Light and shade in marine conservation across European and Contiguous Seas. Front. Mar. Sci. 5. (2018).
WWF. Delivering ecosystem-based marine spatial planning in practice: An assessment of the integration of the ecosystem approach into UK and Ireland Marine Spatial Plans. UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 129 pp. (2017).
IOC-UNESCO. State of the Ocean Report, Pilot Edition. Paris, IOC-UNESCO. IOC Technical Series 173, 75 pp. (2022).
Elliott, M., Borja, Á. & Cormier, R. Managing marine resources sustainably – Ecological, societal and governance connectivity, coherence and equivalence in complex marine transboundary regions. Ocean Coast. Manag. 245, 106875 (2023).
Google Scholar
Chalastani, V. I., Tsoukala, V. K., Coccossis, H. & Duarte, C. M. A bibliometric assessment of progress in marine spatial planning. Mar. Policy 127, 104329 (2021).
Google Scholar
Zuercher, R. et al. Exploring the potential of theory-based evaluation to strengthen marine spatial planning practice. Ocean Coast. Manag. 239, 106594 (2023).
Google Scholar
Pınarbaşı, K. et al. Decision support tools in marine spatial planning: Present applications, gaps and future perspectives. Mar. Policy 83, 83–91 (2017).
Google Scholar
Zuercher, R. et al. Enabling conditions for effective marine spatial planning. Mar. Policy 143, 105141 (2022).
Google Scholar
UNEP/GPA. Ecosystem-based management: Markers for assessing progress. UNEP/GPA Technical Series No. 12. Hague, The Netherlands, 58 pp. (2006).
WWF. Ecosystem-based Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe and how to assess it. Guidance Paper. WWF-European Policy Office. (2021).
Stelzenmüller, V. et al. Evaluation of marine spatial planning requires fit for purpose monitoring strategies. J. Environ. Manag. 278. (2021).
Carneiro, G. Evaluation of marine spatial planning. Mar. Policy 37, 214–229 (2013).
Google Scholar
Cvitanovic, C., McDonald, J. & Hobday, A. J. From science to action: Principles for undertaking environmental research that enables knowledge exchange and evidence-based decision-making. J. Environ. Manag. 183, 864–874 (2016).
Google Scholar
EC. EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020: towards implementation- Council conclusions. (2011).
EC. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. The European Green Deal. Brussels, 11.12.2019 COM(2019) 640 final. (2019).
EC. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions a new approach for a sustainable blue economy in the EU Transforming the EU’s Blue Economy for a Sustainable Future. (2021).
EC. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. REPowerEU Plan. Brussels, 18.5.2022. COM(2022) 230 final. (2022).
Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and The Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast). L 328/82 EN Official Journal of the European Union 21.12.2018. (2018).
Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive). (2008).
Zuercher, R., Motzer, N., Magris, R. A. & Flannery, W. Narrowing the gap between marine spatial planning aspirations and realities. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 79, 600–608 (2022).
Google Scholar
Hering, D. et al. Securing success for the Nature Restoration Laws. Science 382, 1248–1250 (2023).
Google Scholar
Hopkins, S. C., Lehuta, S., Mahevas, S. & Vaz, S. Trade-offs between spatial temporal closures and effort reduction measures to ensure fisheries sustainability. Fish. Res. 274, 106998 (2024).
Google Scholar
Püts, M., Kempf, A., Möllmann, C. & Taylor, M. Trade-offs between fisheries, offshore wind farms and marine protected areas in the southern North Sea – Winners, losers and effective spatial management. Mar. Policy 152, 105574 (2023).
Google Scholar
Tissière, L. & Trouillet, B. What participation means in marine spatial planning systems? Lessons from the French Case. Plan. Pract. Res. 37, 355–376 (2022).
Google Scholar
Guyot-Téphany, J., Davret, J., Tissière, L. & Trouillet, B. Public participation in marine spatial planning in France: From minimal requirements to minimal achievements. Ocean Coast. Manag. 256, 107310 (2024).
Google Scholar
Li, S. & Jay, S. Transboundary marine spatial planning across Europe: trends and priorities in nearly two decades of project work. Mar. Policy 118, 104012 (2020).
Google Scholar
Cavallo, M., Borja, Á., Elliott, M., Quintino, V. & Touza, J. Impediments to achieving integrated marine management across borders: the case of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Mar. Policy 103, 68–73 (2019).
Google Scholar
Pınarbaşı, K., Galparsoro, I., Alloncle, N., Quemmerais, F. & Borja, Á. Key issues for a transboundary and ecosystem-based maritime spatial planning in the Bay of Biscay. Mar. Policy 120, 104131 (2020).
Google Scholar
Gómez-Ballesteros, M. et al. Transboundary cooperation and mechanisms for Maritime Spatial Planning implementation. SIMNORAT project. Mar. Policy 127, 104434 (2021).
Google Scholar
Moodie, J. R. & Sielker, F. Transboundary marine spatial planning in European sea basins: experimenting with collaborative planning and governance. Plan. Pract. Res. 37, 317–332 (2022).
Google Scholar
Frazão Santos, C. et al. Key components of sustainable climate-smart ocean planning. npj Ocean Sustain. 3. (2024).
Hammar, L. et al. Cumulative impact assessment for ecosystem-based marine spatial planning. Sci. Total Environ. 734. (2020).
Torraco, R. J. Writing integrative literature reviews: guidelines and examples. Hum. Resour. Dev. Rev. 4, 356–367 (2005).
Google Scholar
Snyder, H. Literature review as a research methodology: an overview and guidelines. J. Bus. Res. 104, 333–339 (2019).
Google Scholar
Altvater, S., Lukic, I. & Eilers, S. EBA in MSP a SEA inclusive handbook. Pan Baltic Scope, 65 pp. (2019).
Strosser, P., Loudin, S., Zaiter, Y., de Paoli, G. & Piet, G. Study on Integrating an Eco-system-based Approach into Maritime Spatial Planning: What are the lessons from current practice in applying Ecosystem-Based Approaches in Maritime Spatial Planning? Results from the literature review. The European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA), 61 pp. (2021).
UNEP/CBD/COP/4/Inf.9. Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Report of the Workshop on the Ecosystem Approach. (1998).
R. Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. (2019).
Chang, W. et al. Shiny: Web Application Framework for R. R package version 1.8.0.9000. (2024).
Arias, A., Ríos, P., Cristobo, J. & Paxton, H. The Bay of Biscay: Almost two centuries inspiring global oceanography. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 281, 108196 (2023).
Google Scholar
Borja, A. et al. Chapter 5 – The Bay of Biscay. World Seas: an Environmental Evaluation 2nd edn, 113–152. (Academic Press, 2019).
Borja, A. et al. Applying the China’s marine resource-environment carrying capacity and spatial development suitability approach to the Bay of Biscay (North-East Atlantic). Front. Mar. Sci. 9. (2022).
Directive 2014/89/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning. Official Journal of the European Union L 257/135. (2014).
Communique de presse 2022/05/04. (2022).
Arrêté Interpréfectoral N° 2022/073. Portant approbation du plan d’actions (partie 4) du document stratégique de façade Nord Atlantique-Manche Ouest, 3 pp. (2022).
Real Decreto 150/2023, de 28 de febrero, por el que se aprueban los planes de ordenación del espacio marítimo de las cinco demarcaciones marinas españolas. (2023).
link
